Common Causes of Vomiting in Cats and When to Call the Vet

Vomiting is one of the most common reasons cat owners seek veterinary care. While occasional vomiting may not be a cause for concern, frequent or persistent vomiting can indicate an underlying health issue. Understanding the possible causes and knowing when to seek veterinary care can help ensure your cat stays healthy.

At Milford Animal Hospital in Milford, PA, we believe that early detection and treatment of health problems can lead to better outcomes for your pet. In this guide, we’ll discuss the most common reasons cats vomit, when to be concerned, and how to prevent future digestive issues.

Why Do Cats Vomit?

Vomiting occurs when the stomach forcefully expels its contents through the mouth. It can be caused by temporary digestive upset or a more serious medical condition.

Acute vs. Chronic Vomiting

  • Acute vomiting – Sudden, short-term vomiting that may resolve on its own.
  • Chronic vomiting – Vomiting that occurs frequently or persistently over several days or weeks.

Chronic vomiting is always a reason to consult a veterinarian, as it may indicate an underlying disease.

For more information on the causes and management of feline vomiting, visit Cornell Feline Health Center.

Common Causes of Vomiting in Cats

1. Hairballs

Hairballs are a normal occurrence in cats that groom themselves frequently. However, excessive hairballs may indicate an issue with digestion or grooming habits.

Signs that hairballs may be problematic:

  • Frequent gagging or retching without producing a hairball
  • Constipation or difficulty passing stool
  • Decreased appetite or lethargy

Prevention:

  • Regular brushing to reduce hair ingestion
  • Hairball-control diets or supplements

2. Dietary Indiscretion

Cats have sensitive digestive systems, and eating something unusual can lead to vomiting. Common dietary causes include:

  • Eating too quickly
  • Sudden changes in food
  • Ingesting spoiled food, plants, or human foods

To avoid stomach upset, transition to new foods gradually over 7–10 days.

3. Food Allergies or Sensitivities

Some cats develop allergies to specific ingredients, such as:

  • Chicken
  • Dairy
  • Grains

Switching to a limited-ingredient or hypoallergenic diet may help reduce symptoms.

4. Gastrointestinal Parasites

Worms and other parasites can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. Kittens and outdoor cats are at higher risk.

Common parasites that cause vomiting:

  • Roundworms
  • Hookworms
  • Giardia

Routine deworming and parasite prevention can help protect your cat.

5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

IBD is a chronic condition causing inflammation in the digestive tract. Symptoms include:

  • Frequent vomiting
  • Chronic diarrhea
  • Weight loss

Diagnosis and treatment:

  • Bloodwork, imaging, and sometimes biopsies are needed for diagnosis.
  • Treatment may include dietary changes, steroids, or other anti-inflammatory medications.

6. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Chronic kidney disease is common in older cats and can lead to vomiting due to toxin buildup in the bloodstream.

Other signs of CKD:

  • Increased thirst and urination
  • Weight loss
  • Lethargy

For more information on chronic kidney disease in cats, visit Cornell Feline Health Center.

7. Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a hormonal disorder that affects metabolism. Vomiting is a common symptom, along with:

  • Increased appetite but weight loss
  • Hyperactivity
  • Increased thirst and urination

Treatment options include:

  • Medication
  • Prescription diets
  • Surgery
  • Radioactive iodine therapy

For more details, review AAHA’s feline hyperthyroidism guidelines.

8. Toxin Ingestion

Many household items and plants are toxic to cats and can cause vomiting. Common toxins include:

  • Lilies (highly toxic)
  • Certain human medications (acetaminophen, ibuprofen)
  • Cleaning products
  • Pesticides

If you suspect poisoning, seek emergency veterinary care immediately.

9. Foreign Objects (Obstruction)

Cats sometimes ingest string, hair ties, or small toys, leading to an intestinal blockage. This is a medical emergency.

Signs of an obstruction:

  • Persistent vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Lethargy
  • Loss of appetite

X-rays or ultrasound may be needed to diagnose a blockage. Surgery is often required.

When to Call the Vet

Not all cases of vomiting require immediate medical attention, but persistent, severe, or frequent vomiting should always be evaluated by a veterinarian.

Signs Your Cat Needs Veterinary Care:

  • Vomiting more than once or twice a day
  • Blood in vomit (red or coffee-ground appearance)
  • Severe lethargy or weakness
  • Loss of appetite for more than 24 hours
  • Signs of dehydration (sunken eyes, dry gums)
  • Persistent diarrhea along with vomiting

For routine wellness exams to monitor your cat’s health, learn more about the importance of veterinary checkups.

How to Prevent Vomiting in Cats

While some causes of vomiting are unavoidable, many can be prevented with proper care and monitoring.

  • Feed a high-quality, balanced diet
  • Prevent rapid eating (use slow feeder bowls if needed)
  • Brush your cat regularly to minimize hair ingestion
  • Provide parasite prevention to reduce the risk of worms
  • Keep toxic foods and plants out of reach
  • Schedule regular veterinary checkups for early disease detection

Concerned About Your Cat’s Vomiting? Contact Us

If your cat is experiencing frequent or severe vomiting, early intervention is key to diagnosing and treating any underlying conditions.

Have concerns? Contact Milford Animal Hospital to schedule an exam.
Want to stay proactive? Book a wellness visit to keep your cat healthy year-round.